What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Cancer?

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. There are many types of cancer, each with its own set of signs and symptoms. However, there are some common signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of cancer.

1. Unexplained weight loss: A sudden and unexplained weight loss of 10 pounds or more can be a sign of many cancers, including colon, lung, pancreatic, and stomach cancers. This weight loss can occur even when the person is eating normally.
2. Fatigue: Persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest can be a sign of many cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, and colon cancer.
3. Pain: Pain that does not go away and is not related to an injury can be a sign of cancer. For example, back pain can be a symptom of ovarian cancer, while bone pain can be a symptom of bone cancer.
4. Skin changes: Changes in the skin, including the appearance of new moles or changes in existing moles, can be a sign of skin cancer. Additionally, jaundice, which causes yellowing of the skin and eyes, can be a sign of liver or pancreatic cancer.
5. Persistent cough or hoarseness: A persistent cough or hoarseness can be a sign of lung or throat cancer.
6. Changes in bowel or bladder habits: Changes in bowel or bladder habits, such as blood in the urine or stool, can be a sign of bladder, kidney, or colorectal cancer.
7. Difficulty swallowing: Difficulty swallowing, also known as dysphagia, can be a sign of esophageal or throat cancer.
8. Persistent indigestion or discomfort after eating: Persistent indigestion or discomfort after eating can be a sign of stomach, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer.
9. Changes in menstrual cycles: Changes in menstrual cycles, including heavier or longer periods or bleeding between periods, can be a sign of endometrial or cervical cancer.
10. Unexplained fever: A persistent, unexplained fever can be a sign of leukemia or lymphoma.

It is important to note that many of these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, and having one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has cancer. However, if any of these symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to see a doctor for an evaluation.

In addition to these general signs and symptoms, there are also specific signs and symptoms associated with certain types of cancer:

1. Breast cancer: A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, nipple discharge, or changes in the size or shape of the breast.
2. Prostate cancer: Difficulty urinating, weak or interrupted urine flow, frequent urination, and blood in the urine or semen.
3. Lung cancer: A persistent cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
4. Colorectal cancer: Changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool, as well as rectal bleeding or blood in the stool.
5. Ovarian cancer: Abdominal swelling, bloating, or a feeling of fullness, as well as pelvic pain or discomfort.
6. Skin cancer: Changes in the skin, including the appearance of new moles or changes in existing moles, as well as sores that do not heal.
7. Leukemia: Fatigue, frequent infections, fever, and easy bruising or bleeding.

It is important to remember that early detection is key to successfully treating cancer. Many cancers can be treated and cured if they are detected early. This is why it is important to see a doctor if any of these signs or symptoms persist or worsen.