What is Cough?

Cough is a reflex action that occurs when the body’s airways are irritated or inflamed. It is a common symptom of many respiratory infections and can also be caused by allergies, asthma, or other underlying medical conditions. Coughing is the body’s way of clearing mucus, irritants, or foreign substances from the airways in order to prevent them from reaching the lungs.

There are two types of cough: productive and non-productive. A productive cough is one that produces mucus or phlegm, while a non-productive cough does not. Productive coughs are often associated with respiratory infections, while non-productive coughs can be caused by a variety of factors.

Acute cough is one that lasts for less than three weeks and is usually caused by a viral infection, such as the common cold. Chronic cough, on the other hand, lasts for longer than eight weeks and can be caused by a variety of underlying medical conditions.

The most common cause of acute cough is a viral respiratory infection, such as the common cold, flu, or bronchitis. These infections cause inflammation of the airways, which can lead to coughing. Other causes of acute cough include exposure to irritants, such as smoke or pollution, allergies, and postnasal drip.

Chronic cough can be caused by a variety of underlying medical conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and bronchiectasis. It can also be caused by certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors used to treat high blood pressure.

The diagnosis of cough is typically based on the duration of the cough, the type of cough, and associated symptoms. A physical exam and diagnostic tests, such as a chest X-ray or pulmonary function test, may also be used to determine the underlying cause of the cough.

Treatment for cough depends on the underlying cause. Acute cough caused by a viral infection usually resolves on its own within a few weeks and does not require treatment. Symptomatic relief can be achieved through over-the-counter cough suppressants, such as dextromethorphan, or expectorants, such as guaifenesin, which help to loosen mucus.

Chronic cough may require more intensive treatment. Treatment options may include bronchodilators or corticosteroids for asthma, inhaled medications for COPD, or proton pump inhibitors for GERD. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct an underlying structural abnormality.

In addition to medical treatment, there are several lifestyle changes that can help to alleviate cough symptoms. These include quitting smoking, avoiding exposure to irritants such as smoke or pollution, and maintaining good hydration. Humidifiers or steam showers can also help to loosen mucus and reduce coughing.

While coughing is a normal and necessary reflex action, chronic or persistent cough can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. If you have a cough that lasts for more than a few weeks or is accompanied by other symptoms, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, it is important to seek medical attention.