What is Pyelonephritis?
Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that occurs when bacteria or other pathogens infect one or both kidneys. The infection can cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys and surrounding tissues, and can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
Pyelonephritis is usually caused by the same bacteria that cause lower urinary tract infections, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). These bacteria can enter the kidneys from the ureters, which are the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. Pyelonephritis can also occur as a complication of other medical conditions that affect the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate gland.
Symptoms of Pyelonephritis The symptoms of pyelonephritis can vary, but they often include fever, chills, and pain in the back or side of the body. Other symptoms can include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain or burning during urination
- Frequent urination
- Blood in the urine
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
- Fatigue or weakness
- Confusion or mental changes in older adults
Diagnosis of Pyelonephritis To diagnose pyelonephritis, a doctor will usually begin by taking a medical history and performing a physical exam. They may also order blood and urine tests to look for signs of infection, such as an elevated white blood cell count or the presence of bacteria in the urine.
In some cases, the doctor may also order imaging tests, such as a CT scan or ultrasound, to look for abnormalities in the kidneys or urinary tract.
Treatment of Pyelonephritis The treatment of pyelonephritis usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. The type and duration of antibiotic treatment will depend on the severity of the infection, the type of bacteria involved, and the patient’s overall health.
In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for more severe cases of pyelonephritis, particularly in older adults or patients with other medical conditions that could complicate their treatment.
During hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics may be administered and other supportive measures, such as IV fluids or pain management, may be provided to help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Prevention of Pyelonephritis There are several steps that can be taken to help prevent pyelonephritis and other urinary tract infections, including:
- Drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated
- Urinating frequently and completely
- Wiping from front to back after using the bathroom
- Avoiding douches and other feminine hygiene products that can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the urinary tract
- Using condoms during sexual activity to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections that can lead to urinary tract infections.
In summary, pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that occurs when bacteria or other pathogens infect one or both kidneys. It can cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys and surrounding tissues and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. The symptoms of pyelonephritis can vary, but they often include fever, chills, and pain in the back or side of the body. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection, and hospitalization may be necessary in more severe cases. Steps can be taken to help prevent pyelonephritis and other urinary tract infections, including staying hydrated, urinating frequently, and using condoms during sexual activity.